Introduction: The coroner's autopsy is a core medicolegal service which the pathologist upon receiving an order from legal authorities undertakes in reverence and deference to the law. It is therefore a great responsibility and it is incumbent on the anatomical pathologist to attend to the questions that the law expects to be answered in a strictly professional sense. Answering the relevant and crucial questions will help the court to arrive at a veritable verdict with regard to the issues that prompted the medicolegal autopsy. Materials and Methods: Medicolegal autopsy reports of the Department of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, OAUTHC, Ile-Ife, Osun State over 11 years, were analyzed for documentation such as identity, cause of death, circumstances of death, resolution of conflicts, criteria for diagnoses, conclusions among others. Results: There were 199 cases including 115 cases of accidents, 50 cases of homicides, 32 cases of natural diseases, and 2 cases of suicides. All cases were properly identified, generally poor commentaries were written in most cases and not all cases had criteria for diagnoses and medicolegal concerns considered. Differential diagnoses which were morphological inferences that could conflict diagnoses or opinions were not considered in many cases. Conclusion: The role of the anatomical pathologist is central in the medicolegal team which investigates the issues related to deaths in suspicious circumstances. Taking cognizance of the main issues at stake and the concerns of the court would guide the pathologist to exercise due diligence in order to assist the court in a more appropriate way.

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Context: Dyslipidaemia is one of the traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and rapid progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end-stage renal disease. Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of dyslipidaemia and assess the cardiovascular risk in various stages of CKD. Setting and Design: A retrospective study of 109 adult pre-dialysis CKD patients who attended nephrology outpatient clinic or admitted at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex between 2008 and 2015. Materials and Methods: Patients' sociodemographic characteristics, aetiology of CKD, anthropometry, blood pressure, fasting lipid profile, electrolytes, urea and creatinine at contact were retrieved from their hospital records. Estimated glomerular filtration rate at presentation was calculated using CKD EPI equation. Dyslipidaemia was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III's final report. Cardiovascular risk was assessed using atherogenic indices. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) >0.24 was regarded as high cardiovascular risk. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analysed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) software version 22. Results: A total of 109 pre-dialysis CKD patients were studied. Overall prevalence of dyslipidaemia amongst pre-dialysis CKD patient in this study was 90.8%. The mean serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), very LDLc , non-HDLc and triglycerides were 5.9 (±2.80) mmol/L, 3.6 (±2.50) mmol/L, 1.3 (±0.70) mmol/L, 0.73 (±0.40) mmol/L, 4.5 (±2.60) mmol/L and 1.6 (±1.0) mmol/L, respectively. The median AIP in the pre-dialysis CKD cohort was 0.40 (interquartile range; 0.21–0.72), while 72.5% may be at high risk of developing CVD (AIP >0.24). Conclusion: Dyslipidaemia is common amongst CKD patients. CKD patients show significant abnormalities of lipid metabolism which may contribute to CVD

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Introduction: The study translated the Knee Outcome Survey–Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADLS) from English to Yoruba language and established the reliability and validity of Yoruba version with the original English version. Methods: Seventy-four patients with knee pathologies in selected hospitals, South West Nigeria, participated in the study. The original version of KOS-ADLS was translated to Yoruba by two Linguists from Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, whose mother tongue is Yoruba. The Yoruba version was retranslated by another specialist in English Language, but the mother tongue is Yoruba from the English Department of the same university. The original KOS-ADLS questionnaire was administered to each participant, and 3 days later, the translated KOS-ADLS questionnaire was readministered. After 2 weeks, a copy of the Yoruba translated version was readministered to each participant. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Alpha level was set at 0.05. Results: There were 67.6% of females participants, and 70.2% were fluent in both Yoruba and English languages. The concurrent validity of translated KOS-ADLS shows a significant relationship between original and translated versions of symptoms (r = 0.828, P < 0.001) and functional limitation (r = 0.973, P < 0.001). There was a significant relationship between each of the score of symptoms (r = 0.969, P < 0.001) and functional limitation (r = 0.983, P < 0.001) of translated KOS-ADLS and score of Yoruba retranslated KOS-ADLS. Intra-class correlation of the test–retest was 0.813 and the Cronbach's alpha was 0.897. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there was a strong relationship between the Yoruba and original versions of KOS-ADLS in all domains and test–retest reliability was very strong.

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Background/Objective: The relationship between handedness and physical functional performance (PFP) remains a subject of debate. While some researchers have claimed that right-handed persons are more skilful with their right hands when performing hand tasks, others have opined that left-handers perform better. This study assessed the relationship between handedness and PFP among the university undergraduate students. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study which employed purposive sampling technique to recruit 29 (age ranging between 14 and 24 years) university undergraduate students. Participants' sociodemographic, anthropometric characteristics and physiological parameters were measured using the standard procedures. The Edinburgh Handedness Inventory was used to categorise the handedness of participants. PFP of the participants was determined using the handgrip strength. Data obtained were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics with the SPSS software version 21, with a level of statistical significance determined at P < 0.05. Results: The mean right handgrip (34.15 ± 8.25 kg vs. 30.5 ± 9.83 kg, P = 0.431) and left handgrip (30.74 ± 11.32 kg vs. 35.17 ± 9.33 kg, P = 0.348) strengths for right-handed (n = 23) and left-handed (n = 6) participants, respectively, were not significant. The handgrip strength between the preferred (35.41 ± 9.53 kg) and nonpreferred hands (29.62 ± 9.25 kg) of participants differed significantly (P = 0.02). Right-handed participants were significantly stronger with their preferred hand (35.48 ± 9.79 kg vs. 29.39 ± 9.31 kg, P = 0.01) and left-handed participants were significantly stronger with their preferred hand (35.17 ± 9.33 kg vs. 30.5 ± 9.83 kg, P = 0.001). Finally, there was no significant correlation (P > 0.05) between participants' handedness and handgrip strength and other physiological parameters. Conclusion: It is, therefore, concluded that PFP differs according to handedness but did not correlate with physiologic parameters in adolescents.

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Background/Aim: This study aimed to evaluate supervisors' perceptions of the attitudes and behaviour of undergraduate dental students to their dissertation projects. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire survey of all academic staff of the Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria, who were involved in the training and supervision of final-year dental students' dissertations between 2013 and 2017 was carried out to record the supervisors' perceptions of their supervisees' behaviour, performance, preparedness and the challenges encountered during their research work. Data were analysed using descriptive and analytical statistics with SPSS version 16. Statistical significant level was set at P < 0.05. Results: Seventeen of the 19 eligible academic staff participated in the study. Most supervisors (70%) especially of the male gender and the senior supervisors perceived the supervisees as inexperienced and lacked good understanding of the dissertation process even though majority of supervisees (58.8%) were motivated. Nevertheless, more than one-half (52.9%) were perceived to have improved in the course of the project. The perception of male supervisors with regards to the importance attached to dissertation process by supervisees was significantly ranked low (3.8+0.7) when compared to the female supervisors (5.6+0.5) (P<0.05). The supervisees' challenges were in the domain of understanding the research process and meeting deadlines. Conclusion: Supervisees were perceived to be motivated, but majority of the supervisors, particularly, the male and senior supervisors, felt that the supervisees were inadequately prepared and lacked good understanding of dissertation process as a result of limited academic research experience, poor supervision and guidance.

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Context: Formal mentoring was recently introduced into the Nigerian residency programmes, but studies are lacking on the mentoring practices and unmet needs of Paediatric residents. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the awareness of paediatric resident doctors in Nigeria about mentoring, their mentoring practices and the needs of residents with and without mentors. Design: The study design involves descriptive, cross-sectional study. Methods: Pre-tested questionnaires were administered to 150 paediatric resident doctors attending the update courses in Paediatrics and Paediatric Association of Nigeria Conference held in Nigeria in 2018. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 33.5 ± 3.7 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:2.5. The majority (98.0%) of the resident doctors had heard about mentoring though only 58 (39.5%) had formal teaching on mentorship. Seventy-nine (52.7%) of the respondents were in a mentoring relationship. The mean duration of the mentoring meeting (min) was significantly associated with the degree of satisfaction with mentorship (F = 11.7 P = 0.020). Of the 71 paediatric residents without a mentor, 68 (95.8%) of them desired a mentor. The majority (125; 83.3%) of the residents had an unmet need for mentoring, either because their desire for having a mentor is yet to be met or they are not satisfied with their current mentoring relationship. Conclusion: Mentoring is desired by many Paediatric trainees who are not undergoing mentorship. There is a need for college boards and institutions to evaluate the on-going mentoring schemes to address these needs.

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Background: Periodic evaluations of the pattern of morbidity and mortality are an aspect of health status which can be used in planning improved medical services. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the pattern and outcome of childhood admissions in Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo-State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of the hospital records of children aged 1 month to 17 years, admitted over 1 year (1^st of November 2018 – 31^st of October 2019). Results: A total of 1043 children were admitted with mean age 55.6 ± 53.5 months. There were 611 (58.6%) males and 432 (41.4%) females, of which 673 (64.5%) were below 5 years of age. The age group and sex distribution of the study population are significantly related (χ² = 8.852, P = 0.012). Infections accounted for 80.0% of the morbidities, with malaria (45.3%) being the major cause. There were 955 (91.6%) discharges, one (0.1%) transferred out, 19 (1.8%) discharged against medical advice and 68 (6.5%) mortality. The outcome of the patient is significantly related to the age group (χ² = 13.760, P = 0.032). There were 68 (6.5%) mortality during the study period, of which 55 (80.9%) were under-five children. Malaria with its complications accounted for 33 (48.5%) of the deaths. Fifty (73.5%) of the 68 deaths occurred within 24 h of admission which is not significant (χ² = 1.734, P = 0.420). Conclusion: Infection remained the major cause of morbidity and mortality for which malaria was the principal aetiology and under-five children mostly affected.

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Pentalogy of Cantrell is a rare congenital malformation. The aetiology is not well understood, but genetic and sporadic forms have been reported. It is a combination of five congenital defects: the heart, pericardium, diaphragm, sternum and anterior abdominal wall. Only a few cases of pentalogy of Cantrell have been reported in Nigeria. Prenatal diagnosis is possible at the beginning of the second trimester using ultrasonography. Success in the management of this condition requires expertise and a multidisciplinary approach. We report the case of a 7-day-old boy, who was referred to our hospital in Ile-Ife with a chest wall defect at birth and ectopia cordis, diaphragmatic hernia seen on ultrasound and multiple heart defects seen on echocardiography. The diagnosis of pentalogy of Cantrell was made. The severity of the cardiac defects in this case and the late referral contributed to the poor outcome of the reported case. Other difficulties in the management of this case peculiar to our environment are highlighted.

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